AMAD
"Archivum Medii Aevi Digitale - Specialized open access repository for research in the middle ages"To submission
| Date: | 2013 |
| Title: | The Three Horsemen of Riches: Plague, War and Urbanization in Early Modern Europe |
| Contributor: | The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
| Author: | Nico Voigtländer Hans-joachim Voth |
| Description: | How did Europe escape the "Iron Law of Wages? " We construct a simple Malthusian model with two sectors and use it to explain why European per capita incomes and urbanization rates increased during the period 1500-1750. Productivity growth can only explain a small fraction of the rise in living standards. Population dynamics – changes of the birth and death schedules – were far more important drivers of the long-run Malthusian equilibrium. The Black Death raised wages substantially, creating important knock-on effects. Because of Engel’s Law, demand for urban products increased, raising urban wages and attracting migrants from rural areas. European cities were unhealthy, especially compared to Far Eastern ones. Urbanization pushed up aggregate death rates. This effect was reinforced by more frequent wars (fed by city wealth) and disease spread by trade. Thus, higher wages themselves reduced population pressure. We show in a calibration exercise that our model can account for the sustained rise in European urbanization as well as permanently higher per capita incomes in 1700, without technological change. Wars contributed importantly to the ’Rise of Europe, ’ even if they had negative short-run effects. We thus trace Europe’s precocious rise to economic riches to interactions of the plague shock with the political |
| URI: | https://www.amad.org/jspui/handle/123456789/108958 |
| Other Identifier: | http://econ.tau.ac.il/papers/faculty/Horsemen_V26.pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.629.7260 |
| AMAD ID: | 612141 |
| Appears in Collections: | BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine) General history of Europe |
